Gallbladder & Gallstones

Gallstones can cause intense discomfort in the upper abdomen or below the breastbone, which often radiates to the right upper back or right shoulder. Gallstones can also cause nausea or vomiting. They are precipitated by fatty meals.

Risk Factors

There are several risk factors that can increase your likelihood for developing gallstones. For example, women are more likely to develop gallstones than men, and Caucasians have a higher risk than many other races. Other factors include obesity, pregnancy, diabetes, high lipid levels and age (over 40 increases your risk).

Types of Gallstones

There are two types of gallstones that patients typically encounter: cholesterol stones and pigment stones. Cholesterol stones are compiled of at least 80 percent cholesterol and are often a yellow or green color. Pigment stones are generally dark and contain less than 20 percent cholesterol. These stones are made up of bilirubin and calcium salts—substances that are found within the body’s bile. In the United States, the majority of these stones are related to cholesterol. Not every gallstone has to be treated. It is important for you to speak with your healthcare provider to determine your condition and method of treatment.

Surgical Treatment

When typical symptoms are experienced and one or more gallstones are seen, a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder is generally recommended. This is because there is a high risk for recurring development of gallstones. Removal of the gallbladder results in a 90 percent probability of cure.

Non-surgical Treatment

There are non-surgical treatment options available. These methods include dissolution and fragmentation, also called lithotripsy.

Dissolution allows patients to take a prescribed oral acid that breaks down the gallstones. It is a long-term treatment, lasting approximately 2 years. While not the most effective treatment, it is a good option for those patients with small stones and mild symptoms. It is also a good alternative for those who are unable to tolerate surgery.

While not as common as other procedures, fragmentation is another method for treating gallstones. Treatment consists of bile acid therapy and is most effective when used on patients with mild symptoms and a single gallstone.